Quinn's Blog

Posted on Edited on Disqus:

用于计算modbus通信协议的CRC16校验值。
举例: 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x04 0x05 0x06 0x07 0x08得到校验值为0xB0CF（或0xCFB0）
计算方法，分两种，直接计算和查表计算。

直接计算法

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def calc_crc(string):
    data = bytearray.fromhex(string)
    crc = 0xFFFF
    for pos in data:
        crc ^= pos
        for i in range(8):
            if ((crc & 1) != 0):
                crc >>= 1
                crc ^= 0xA001
            else:
                crc >>= 1
    return hex(((crc & 0xff) << 8) + (crc >> 8))


crc = calc_crc('0102030405060708')
print(crc)

查表计算法

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#!/usr/bin/env python3
table_crc_hi = (
    0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0,
    0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
    0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
    0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
    0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1,
    0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
    0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1,
    0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
    0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0,
    0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
    0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1,
    0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
    0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0,
    0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
    0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
    0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
    0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0,
    0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
    0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
    0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
    0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
    0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
    0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1,
    0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
    0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0,
    0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40)

table_crc_lo = (
    0x00, 0xC0, 0xC1, 0x01, 0xC3, 0x03, 0x02, 0xC2, 0xC6, 0x06,
    0x07, 0xC7, 0x05, 0xC5, 0xC4, 0x04, 0xCC, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0xCD,
    0x0F, 0xCF, 0xCE, 0x0E, 0x0A, 0xCA, 0xCB, 0x0B, 0xC9, 0x09,
    0x08, 0xC8, 0xD8, 0x18, 0x19, 0xD9, 0x1B, 0xDB, 0xDA, 0x1A,
    0x1E, 0xDE, 0xDF, 0x1F, 0xDD, 0x1D, 0x1C, 0xDC, 0x14, 0xD4,
    0xD5, 0x15, 0xD7, 0x17, 0x16, 0xD6, 0xD2, 0x12, 0x13, 0xD3,
    0x11, 0xD1, 0xD0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x30, 0x31, 0xF1, 0x33, 0xF3,
    0xF2, 0x32, 0x36, 0xF6, 0xF7, 0x37, 0xF5, 0x35, 0x34, 0xF4,
    0x3C, 0xFC, 0xFD, 0x3D, 0xFF, 0x3F, 0x3E, 0xFE, 0xFA, 0x3A,
    0x3B, 0xFB, 0x39, 0xF9, 0xF8, 0x38, 0x28, 0xE8, 0xE9, 0x29,
    0xEB, 0x2B, 0x2A, 0xEA, 0xEE, 0x2E, 0x2F, 0xEF, 0x2D, 0xED,
    0xEC, 0x2C, 0xE4, 0x24, 0x25, 0xE5, 0x27, 0xE7, 0xE6, 0x26,
    0x22, 0xE2, 0xE3, 0x23, 0xE1, 0x21, 0x20, 0xE0, 0xA0, 0x60,
    0x61, 0xA1, 0x63, 0xA3, 0xA2, 0x62, 0x66, 0xA6, 0xA7, 0x67,
    0xA5, 0x65, 0x64, 0xA4, 0x6C, 0xAC, 0xAD, 0x6D, 0xAF, 0x6F,
    0x6E, 0xAE, 0xAA, 0x6A, 0x6B, 0xAB, 0x69, 0xA9, 0xA8, 0x68,
    0x78, 0xB8, 0xB9, 0x79, 0xBB, 0x7B, 0x7A, 0xBA, 0xBE, 0x7E,
    0x7F, 0xBF, 0x7D, 0xBD, 0xBC, 0x7C, 0xB4, 0x74, 0x75, 0xB5,
    0x77, 0xB7, 0xB6, 0x76, 0x72, 0xB2, 0xB3, 0x73, 0xB1, 0x71,
    0x70, 0xB0, 0x50, 0x90, 0x91, 0x51, 0x93, 0x53, 0x52, 0x92,
    0x96, 0x56, 0x57, 0x97, 0x55, 0x95, 0x94, 0x54, 0x9C, 0x5C,
    0x5D, 0x9D, 0x5F, 0x9F, 0x9E, 0x5E, 0x5A, 0x9A, 0x9B, 0x5B,
    0x99, 0x59, 0x58, 0x98, 0x88, 0x48, 0x49, 0x89, 0x4B, 0x8B,
    0x8A, 0x4A, 0x4E, 0x8E, 0x8F, 0x4F, 0x8D, 0x4D, 0x4C, 0x8C,
    0x44, 0x84, 0x85, 0x45, 0x87, 0x47, 0x46, 0x86, 0x82, 0x42,
    0x43, 0x83, 0x41, 0x81, 0x80, 0x40)


def crc16(st):
    crc_hi = crc_lo = 0xFF
    L = []
    st = st.strip().replace(' ', '')
    if len(st) % 2:
        return None
    for j in range(0, len(st), 2):
        L.append(st[j:(j + 2)])
    i = 0
    for ch in L:
        ch = int(ch, 16)
        i = crc_hi ^ ch
        crc_hi = crc_lo ^ table_crc_hi[i]
        crc_lo = table_crc_lo[i]
    result = hex(crc_hi << 8 | crc_lo)
    addition = 6 - len(result)
    if addition > 0:
        result = result.replace('x', 'x' + '0' * addition)
    return result


if __name__ == '__main__':
    print(crc16('01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 '))

Posted on Edited on Disqus:

在上一篇里面，通过Python简单的爬虫在网上获取了天气实况数据，这次想办法用Python把数据发布在微博上面，微博提供了这样的接口，我们所做的就是用Python实现和微博公共接口的对接。
在这之前我们需要访问微博 微博开放平台 来注册一个应用，这个完全是免费的。注册成功之后获得AppKey和App Secret，这是非常重要的数据，在后面会用到。

注册应用

通过上面的key和Secret，我们可以从新浪微博服务器获取一个最最关键的参数，就是access_token，这个参数表明我们通过了服务器认证，也就是说微博认为我们是拥有发布微博的权限的。
获取的方法大概是：
1、使用get方法访问新浪的OAuth认证页，需要传递的参数是AppKey和重定向地址，在通过验证之后，将重定向到我们提供的重定向地址，并提供给我们一个CODE参数的值。
2、发送post请求给微博服务器，包含以下参数：

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fields = {'code': code, 'redirect_uri': self.redirect_uri, 'client_id': self.client_id,
                  'client_secret': self.client_secret, 'grant_type': 'authorization_code'}

收到返回值，一个就是access_token的值，另外一个expires是指access_token的超时时间，超时后需重新获取access_token。
之后的工作就是调用接口发送数据了，当然，微博在这接口里面做出了很多限制，以前限制很少，现在用起来不那么舒服了：

限制

简易的代码如下：两个文件：weiboSDK.py

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#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

__version__ = '1.0.0'
__author__ = 'aeropig@163.com'

'''
Python3 client SDK for sina weibo API using OAuth 2.
'''
# import gzip
import time
import requests
# import json
# import hmac
# import base64
# import hashlib
import logging
# import mimetypes
# import collections
# from io import StringIO
import webbrowser
default_redirect_uri = 'https://api.weibo.com/oauth2/default.html'
_HTTP_GET = 0
_HTTP_POST = 1
_HTTP_POST_UPLOAD = 2


def _encode_params(**kw):
    args = []
    for (k, v) in kw.items():
        args.append('%s=%s' % (str(k), str(v)))
    return '&'.join(args)


class APIError(BaseException):
    '''
    raise APIError
    '''

    def __init__(self, error_code, error, request):
        self.error_code = error_code
        self.error = error
        self.request = request
        BaseException.__init__(self, error)

    def __str__(self):
        return 'APIError: %s: %s, request: %s' % (self.error_code, self.error, self.request)


def _http_get(url, authorization=None, **kw):
    logging.info('GET %s' % url)
    return _http_call(url, _HTTP_GET, authorization, **kw)


def _http_post(url, authorization=None, **kw):
    logging.info('POST %s' % url)
    return _http_call(url, _HTTP_POST, authorization, **kw)


def _http_post_upload(url, authorization=None, **kw):
    logging.info('MULTIPART POST %s' % url)
    return _http_call(url, _HTTP_POST_UPLOAD, authorization, **kw)


def _http_call(the_url, method, authorization, **kw):
    '''
    send an http request and return a json object if no error occurred.
    '''
    if authorization:
        kw['access_token'] = authorization
    if method == _HTTP_GET:
        r = requests.get(the_url, params=kw)
    elif method == _HTTP_POST:
        r = requests.post(the_url, data=kw)
    elif method == _HTTP_POST_UPLOAD:
        _files = {'pic': open(kw['pic'], 'rb')}
        kw.pop('pic')
        r = requests.post(the_url, data=kw, files=_files)
    else:
        pass
    return r.json()


class APIClient(object):
    '''
    API client using synchronized invocation.
    '''

    def __init__(self, app_key, app_secret, redirect_uri=default_redirect_uri, domain='api.weibo.com', version='2'):
        self.client_id = str(app_key)
        self.client_secret = str(app_secret)
        self.redirect_uri = redirect_uri
        self.auth_url = 'https://%s/oauth2/' % domain
        self.api_url = 'https://%s/%s/' % (domain, version)

    def authorize(self):
        if isinstance(self.access_token, str):
            return
        authorize_url = '%s%s?' % (self.auth_url, 'authorize')
        fields = {'client_id': self.client_id,
                  'redirect_uri': self.redirect_uri}
        params = _encode_params(**fields)
        webbrowser.open(authorize_url + params)

    def set_access_token(self, **token_dict):
        self.access_token = token_dict['access_token']
        self.uid = token_dict.get('uid', 0)
        current = int(time.time())
        self.expires = token_dict['expires_in'] + current
        return (self.access_token, self.expires)

    def request_access_token(self, code):
        fields = {'code': code, 'redirect_uri': self.redirect_uri, 'client_id': self.client_id,
                  'client_secret': self.client_secret, 'grant_type': 'authorization_code'}
        r = _http_post('%s%s' % (self.auth_url, 'access_token'), **fields)
        return self.set_access_token(**r)

    # def refresh_token(self, refresh_token):
    #     r = _http_post(req_str,
    #                    client_id=self.client_id,
    #                    client_secret=self.client_secret,
    #                    refresh_token=refresh_token,
    #                    grant_type='refresh_token')
    #     return self._parse_access_token(r)

    def is_expires(self):
        return not self.access_token or time.time() > self.expires

    def __getattr__(self, attr):
        if '__' in attr:
            return getattr(self.get, attr)
        return _Callable(self, attr)


class _Executable(object):

    def __init__(self, client, method, path):
        self._client = client
        self._method = method
        self._path = path

    def __call__(self, **kw):
        if self._method == _HTTP_POST and 'pic' in kw:
            self._method = _HTTP_POST_UPLOAD
        return _http_call('%s%s.json' % (self._client.api_url, self._path), self._method, self._client.access_token, **kw)

    def __str__(self):
        return '_Executable (%s %s)' % (self._method, self._path)

    __repr__ = __str__


class _Callable(object):

    def __init__(self, client, name):
        self._client = client
        self._name = name

    def __getattr__(self, attr):
        if attr == 'get':
            return _Executable(self._client, _HTTP_GET, self._name)
        if attr == 'post':
            return _Executable(self._client, _HTTP_POST, self._name)
        name = '%s/%s' % (self._name, attr)
        return _Callable(self._client, name)

    def __str__(self):
        return '_Callable (%s)' % self._name

    __repr__ = __str__


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pass

第二个文件：weiboAPP.py

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#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import weiboSDK

uid = 'xxxxxxxxxxx'
client_id = 'xxxxxxxxxxxxxx'
client_secret = 'xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx'

access_token = 'xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx'
expires = 1672970161


if __name__ == '__main__':
    weibo = weiboSDK.APIClient(client_id, client_secret)

    if access_token is None:
        weibo.authorize()
        code = input("输入从浏览器获取的CODE：")
        accessTuple = weibo.request_access_token(code)
        print(accessTuple)
        access_token = accessTuple[0]
        expires = accessTuple[1]

    weibo.set_access_token(access_token=access_token, expires_in=expires)

    weibo.statuses.share.post(status='这条微博只是一个测试[doge]... https://www.jianshu.com/p/d55b71e85bd0 ')

执行效果如下：

发布成功

Posted on Edited on Disqus:

程序自动发送的微博如图：

需求示例

这里面的气象数据都是从别的网站上面获取，需要人工访问网站，查看每个小时的气温和降水量数据，然后计算出来，再编辑成微博发送，这样每天到时间都要进行人工操作显得很麻烦，有时候晚上忙就会忘掉。
于是我想到，这个工作其实可以全部交给电脑去自动完成，每天定时去获取网络数据，计算数值，并编辑要发送的内容，自动发送微博。

把这个需求分成两部分，一是生成要发送的微博的内容，主要是使用python3的requests库，获取网页文本，并用beautifulsoup库进行解析。二是如何使用python通过微博的验证，成功发布微博。
这里面需要注意的是，气象日里面的”今天“是指前一天的晚上20时到今天的晚上20时。 如下图红色方框区域就是程序要获取的数据。

数据

以下是代码和执行的结果：

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import requests
import time
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from datetime import datetime

tempCalcHours = ('02', '08', '14', '20')
baseUrl = 'http://q-weather.info/weather/'

hh = {('{:02d}'.format(i)) for i in range(24)}
dictData = dict.fromkeys(hh, ('0', '0'))


def getDateString():
    return time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d', time.localtime())


# 从网站获取每个小时所对应的温度和降水量，放在字典中
def getUsefulValuesFromWeb(stationNum):
    url = baseUrl + str(stationNum) + '/today/'
    req = requests.get(url)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(req.text, 'lxml')

    judgeDataIntegrity = 0
    today = getDateString()
    for tr in soup.tbody.find_all('tr'):
        strTd = tr.find('td').string
        hour = strTd[-8:-6]

        # 判断是否是今天的数据 假设今天是1月2日，今天的数据是指1月1日20时到1月2日20时，两种情况：
        # 1、     1月2日 且 20时之前
        # 2、 不是1月2日 且 20时之后
        if strTd.startswith(today) == (hour <= '20'):
            judgeDataIntegrity += 1
            hourTuple = []
            hourTuple.append(tr.find_all('td')[1].string)  # 小时气温
            hourTuple.append(tr.find_all('td')[-2].string)  # 小时降水量
            dictData[hour] = hourTuple
    if judgeDataIntegrity != 24:  # 不等于24说明数据不足24小时的
        return None
    return dictData


def combineData(dictData):
    listData = sorted(dictData.items(), key=lambda d: d[0])
    dailyData = []
    totalTemp = 0.0
    totalPrec = 0.0
    for item in listData:
        totalPrec += float(item[1][1])
        if item[0] in tempCalcHours:
            dailyData.append(item[1][0])
            totalTemp += float(item[1][0])
    if totalTemp > 0:  # 保证四舍五入正确
        avgTmp = totalTemp / 4.0 + 0.0001
    else:
        avgTmp = totalTemp / 4.0 - 0.0001
    dailyData.append('{:.1f}'.format(avgTmp))
    dailyData.append('{:.1f}'.format(totalPrec))
    # print(dailyData)
    return dailyData


def combineWeiboStatus(dailyData, stationNum):
    today = getDateString()
    status = str(stationNum) + '站' + today + '数据： 02时气温' + dailyData[0] + '度，08时气温'\
        + dailyData[1] + '度，14时气温' + dailyData[2] + '度，20时气温' + dailyData[3] + '度，平均气温'\
        + dailyData[4] + '度，降水量' + dailyData[5] + 'mm。\n'
    return status


def main(station):
    data = getUsefulValuesFromWeb(str(station))
    if data is None:
        raise Exception("数据异常")
    daily = combineData(data)
    status = combineWeiboStatus(daily, station)
    return status


if __name__ == '__main__':
    t = datetime.now()
    if (t.hour < 20) or (t.hour == 20 and t.minute < 20):  # 20时气温更新时间一般在20时20分之后
        print('今天的数据可能未更新，请稍后执行本程序...')
    else:
        totalStatus = main(57131) + main(57039)
        print('#西安气象数据# ' + totalStatus)

执行结果：

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#西安气象数据# 57131站2018-01-07数据： 02时气温-2.4度，08时气温-1.7度，14时气温-0.4度，20时气温-0.1度，平均气温-1.2度，降水量1.3mm。
57039站2018-01-07数据： 02时气温-3.2度，08时气温-1.5度，14时气温0.3度，20时气温0.0度，平均气温-1.1度，降水量0.7mm。

Posted on Edited on Disqus:

使用 PyQt5。

方便电脑传输网址或者文字内容到手机上面，扫一下二维码就行了，短网址偶尔也能用上。

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#!/usr/bin/env python3
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPixmap
from PyQt5 import QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
import requests
from os.path import expanduser


class Ui_qrDlg():

    def setupUi(self):
        self.setFixedSize(650, 400)
        self.setWindowTitle('生成二维码/短网址')
        self.setWindowFlags(Qt.WindowCloseButtonHint)
        self.center()

        gBoxStyle = '''QGroupBox{border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:grey;margin-top:0.85ex;}
            QGroupBox::title{subcontrol-origin:margin;subcontrol-position:top left;left:10px;margin-left:0px;padding:0 1px;}'''
        self.gBoxInfo = QtWidgets.QGroupBox(self, title='输入内容')
        self.gBoxInfo.setGeometry(12, 10, 300, 380)
        self.gBoxInfo.setStyleSheet(gBoxStyle)
        self.textEdit = QtWidgets.QTextEdit(self.gBoxInfo)
        self.textEdit.setGeometry(7, 30, 286, 300)
        self.textEdit.setObjectName('textEdit')
        self.urlShow = QtWidgets.QTextEdit(self)
        self.urlShow.setGeometry(385, 12, 253, 30)
        self.urlShow.setObjectName('urlShow')
        self.urlShow.setReadOnly(True)
        self._label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self, text='短网址：')
        self._label.setGeometry(325, 12, 60, 30)
        self._label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
        self.btnCreate = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.gBoxInfo, text='生成')
        self.btnCreate.setGeometry(7, 338, 286, 35)
        self.btnCreate.setObjectName('btnCreate')
        self.gBoxPic = QtWidgets.QGroupBox(self, title='二维码')
        self.gBoxPic.setGeometry(325, 45, 313, 345)
        self.gBoxPic.setStyleSheet(gBoxStyle)
        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.gBoxPic)
        self.label.setGeometry(0, 14, 313, 313)
        self.label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
        self.btnSave = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.gBoxPic, text='另存为')
        self.btnSave.setGeometry(220, 300, 80, 40)
        self.btnSave.setObjectName('btnSave')
        self.btnSave.hide()

    def center(self):
        screen = QtWidgets.QDesktopWidget().screenGeometry()
        size = self.geometry()
        self.move((screen.width() - size.width()) / 2, (screen.height() - size.height()) / 2)


class qrDlg(QtWidgets.QDialog, Ui_qrDlg):

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(qrDlg, self).__init__(parent)
        self.setupUi()
        self.btnCreate.clicked.connect(self.on_btnCreate_clicked)
        self.btnSave.clicked.connect(self.on_btnSave_clicked)

    def on_btnCreate_clicked(self):
        import qrcode
        info = self.textEdit.toPlainText().strip()
        if not info:
            QtWidgets.QMessageBox.information(self, ('提示'), ('请填写信息'), QtWidgets.QMessageBox.Yes)
            self.btnSave.hide()
            self.label.clear()
        else:
            qr = qrcode.QRCode(version=12, error_correction=qrcode.constants.ERROR_CORRECT_L, box_size=3, border=4)
            qr.add_data(info)
            # qr.make(fit=True)
            img = qr.make_image()
            filename = expanduser('~') + '/.qr_code.png'
            img.save(filename)
            pic = QPixmap(filename)
            self.label.setPixmap(pic)
            self.btnSave.show()
            if info.startswith('http://') or info.startswith('https://'):
                self.urlShow.setText(get_short_url(info))
                self.urlShow.selectAll()

    def on_btnSave_clicked(self):
        qrPic = self.label.pixmap()
        if qrPic:
            filename, extra = QtWidgets.QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(self, '另存为', expanduser('~') + '/Desktop', 'PNG Images (*.png)')
            if filename:
                qrPic.save(filename, 'png')


def get_short_url(url, data=None):
    baseurl = 'http://api.t.sina.com.cn/short_url/shorten.json?source=3271760578&url_long='
    url = baseurl + url
    rep = requests.get(url, timeout=60)
    return rep.json()[0]['url_short']


if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    Dlg = qrDlg()
    Dlg.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

效果如下图：

vid参数

Posted on Edited on Disqus:

看了下 NOAA 的 http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/html/heatindex.shtml 这个链接，计算体感温度的。看了下计算方法，是简单的公式，就是没有看公式是怎么得出来的。写成python大概这样子。

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import math
def calc_heat_index(T, RH):
    '''NOAA计算体感温度 参数为气温(摄氏度)和相对湿度(0~100或者0~1)'''
    if RH < 1:
        RH *= 100
    T = 1.8 * T + 32
    HI = 0.5 * (T + 61 + (T - 68) * 1.2 + RH * 0.094)
    if HI >= 80:  # 如果不小于 80华氏度 则用完整公式重新计算
        HI = -42.379 + 2.04901523 * T + 10.14333127 * RH - .22475541 * T * RH \
             - .00683783 * T * T - .05481717 * RH * RH + .00122874 * T * T * RH \
             + .00085282 * T * RH * RH - .00000199 * T * T * RH * RH
        if RH < 13 and 80 < T < 112:
            ADJUSTMENT = (13 - RH) / 4 * math.sqrt((17 - abs(T - 95)) / 17)
            HI -= ADJUSTMENT
        elif RH > 85 and 80 < T < 87:
            ADJUSTMENT = (RH - 85) * (87 - T) / 50
            HI += ADJUSTMENT
    return round((HI - 32) / 1.8, 2)

返回的是摄氏度，取了两位小数。
如果30摄氏度，相对湿度80%，计算得到体感温度是37.67摄氏度。

Posted on Edited on Disqus:

KMA天气图的链接地址是这样的：

http://www.weather.go.kr/repositary/image/cht/img/up50_2015120900.png

后面的up50是500hpa高度，20151209是日期，00是UTC时次，对应北京时间08时。

这个链接如果访问起来是不方便的，需要每次手动修改链接里的时间和高度，如果要看连着好几个时次的天气图变化更不方便。所以写了几行js代码，自动加载最新时次的天气图，可以点击上一张下一张切换时间，还可以手动选择日期时间高度（时间不能距离现在太久，太久之前的天气图服务器上没有存档）。

海平面气压:高度选择中选 000。

有一点要注意，22时的时候20时次的图没有出来，22时过了一段时间后才更新出来，为了避免图片加载空白，设置的是更新时次3小时后才采用更新的图片地址。比如22时30分打开，仍然显示14时的图，23时打开，才会显示晚上20时的图。（也可以手动点击下一张。）

天气图更新需要时间，比如说早上9点之前看不到当天08时次的图，因为还没更新，只能看凌晨02时次的图。可以跨月，比如当前位于12月1日02时次的时候，点击上一张，则访问11月30日20时次的图。

Chrome图：

天气图

在线查看：https://quzhanghao.me/kma.html

也可以把下面的代码保存成 .html 文件（确保是.html后缀而不是.html.txt） 主流浏览器都可以使用。

（如果用某些浏览器打开，如果需要手动敲入日期，需要注意，月份和日期如果小于10，前面要加0，比如’2015-01-01’）

默认打开显示最近更新的500hpa形势图。

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset='utf-8'>
<title>KMA天气图</title>
<style>#header a{padding-left:1%}#footer a{padding-right:1%}#footer{text-align:center}</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id='header'>
    日期：<input type='date' id='date'/>
    时次：<select id='hh'><option value='02'>02</option><option value='08'>08</option><option value='14'>14</option><option value='20'>20</option></select>
    Hpa：
    <select id='hpa'><option value='up50'>500</option><option value='up70'>700</option><option value='up85'>850</option>
    <option value='up92'>925</option><option value='sfc3'>000</option><option value='up30'>300</option><option value='up20'>200</option><option value='up10'>100</option></select>
    <a href='#' onclick='reloadPic()'>载入图片</a><a href='#' onclick='last_next(-1)'>上一张</a><a href='#' onclick='last_next(1)'>下一张</a>
    <a href='#' onclick='startPic()' id='run'>从当前选择时间开始动画</a><a href='#' onclick='endPic()' id='stop' style='display: none'>结束动画</a>
</div><br/>
<img id='pic' alt='Weather Chart'/><hr/>
<script>function loadPic(){var d,e,f,g,h,a=new Date,b=a.getFullYear(),c=a.getMonth()+1;10>c&&(c='0'+c),d=a.getDate(),10>d&&(d='0'+d),e=b+'-'+c+'-'+d,f=a.getHours(),f>=23?f='20':f>=17?f='14':f>=11?f='08':f>=5?f='02':(f='20',g=chTime(e+'00',-4),e=g.substr(0,4)+'-'+g.substr(4,2)+'-'+g.substr(6,2)),document.getElementById('hh').value=f,document.getElementById('date').value=e,h=chTime(e+f,-8),document.getElementById('pic').src='http://www.weather.go.kr/repositary/image/cht/img/up50_'+h+'.png'}function reloadPic(){var a=document.getElementById('date').value,b=document.getElementById('hh').value,c=chTime(a+b,-8),d=document.getElementById('hpa').value;document.getElementById('pic').src='http://www.weather.go.kr/repositary/image/cht/img/'+d+'_'+c+'.png'}function last_next(a){var f,b=0>a?-6:6,c=document.getElementById('date').value,d=document.getElementById('hh').value,e=chTime(c+d,b);document.getElementById('date').value=e.substr(0,4)+'-'+e.substr(4,2)+'-'+e.substr(6,2),document.getElementById('hh').value=e.substr(8,2),f=document.getElementById('hpa').value,e=chTime(c+d,b-8),document.getElementById('pic').src='http://www.weather.go.kr/repositary/image/cht/img/'+f+'_'+e+'.png'}function chTime(a,b){var c=parseInt(a.substr(0,4)),d=parseInt(a.substr(5,2))-1,e=parseInt(a.substr(8,2)),f=parseInt(a.substr(10,2)),g=new Date(c,d,e,f+b);return c=g.getFullYear(),d=g.getMonth()+1,e=g.getDate(),f=g.getHours(),d=d>=10?d:'0'+d,e=e>=10?e:'0'+e,f=f>=10?f:'0'+f,c+''+d+e+f}function startPic(){reloadPic(),document.getElementById('run').style.display='none',document.getElementById('stop').style.display='inline',intPic=setInterval(function(){var a,b,c,d;return document.getElementById('run').href='#',a=document.getElementById('date').value.split('-'),b=document.getElementById('hh').value,c=(new Date).getTime(),d=new Date(a[0],a[1]-1,a[2],parseInt(b)).getTime(),324e5>c-d?(document.getElementById('run').style.display='inline',document.getElementById('stop').style.display='none',window.clearInterval(intPic),void 0):(last_next(1),void 0)},2e3)}function endPic(){document.getElementById('run').style.display='inline',document.getElementById('stop').style.display='none',clearInterval(intPic)}window.onload=loadPic</script>
</body>
</html>

Posted on Edited on Disqus:

备份 Linux窗口管理器 Awesome 的配置文件

配置文件路径：~/.config/awesome/rc.lua

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-- 说明：Screen 指屏幕，awesome支持多屏幕。 Tag 指标签，一个标签对应一个虚拟桌面。 Client 指程序窗口。
-- {{{ 运行所需的库
-- 标准awesome库
local gears = require("gears")
local awful = require("awful")
awful.rules = require("awful.rules")
require("awful.autofocus")
-- 窗口和布局库
local wibox = require("wibox")
-- 主题控制库
local beautiful = require("beautiful")
-- 通知库
local naughty = require("naughty")
local menubar = require("menubar")
-- 导入右键程序菜单模块
require("debian.menu")
-- }}}

-- {{{ 错误处理
-- 检查awesome启动过程中是否发生错误
-- 如果发生错误则启用最近的正确配置，并通知用户
if awesome.startup_errors then
    naughty.notify({ preset = naughty.config.presets.critical,
                     title = "Oops, there were errors during startup!",
                     text = awesome.startup_errors })
end

-- 处理awesome启动后的运行时错误
do
    local in_error = false
    awesome.connect_signal("debug::error", function (err)
        -- Make sure we don't go into an endless error loop
        if in_error then return end
        in_error = true

        naughty.notify({ preset = naughty.config.presets.critical,
                         title = "Oops, an error happened!",
                         text = err })
        in_error = false
    end)
end
-- }}}

-- {{{ 变量定义
-- 主题定义：颜色、图标、字体、壁纸
beautiful.init("/usr/share/awesome/themes/default/theme.lua")            -- 默认主题配置文件所在路径

-- 设置默认的终端和文本编辑器
terminal = "mate-terminal"
editor = "pluma"
editor_cmd = terminal .. " -e " .. editor

-- 默认的modkey设置，用于快捷键。默认是Mod4，也就是Win键
-- 通常，Mod4键位于键盘左侧的Ctrl和Alt键之间
-- 如果你不喜欢这样的设置或者没有这个按键，
-- 建议你使用xmodmap或者别的工具把Mod4键映射到别的按键
modkey = "Mod4"

-- 默认的布局方式和顺序
-- 可以手动调整顺序，可以删除不需要的布局方式（建议注释掉即可，以免以后再想使用）
local layouts =
{
    awful.layout.suit.tile,             -- 平铺
    awful.layout.suit.floating,         -- 浮动
    awful.layout.suit.tile.left,
    awful.layout.suit.tile.bottom,
    awful.layout.suit.tile.top,
    awful.layout.suit.fair,             -- 平铺，每个窗口大小一致
    awful.layout.suit.max,              -- 最大化
--  awful.layout.suit.fair.horizontal,
--  awful.layout.suit.max.fullscreen,   -- 全屏
--  awful.layout.suit.spiral,           -- 螺旋式
    awful.layout.suit.magnifier         -- 放大
}
-- }}}

-- {{{ 壁纸设置
if beautiful.wallpaper then
    for s = 1, screen.count() do
        gears.wallpaper.maximized("/home/td/Pictures/background.jpg", s, true)            -- 替代引号中图片路径即可
    end
end
-- }}}

-- {{{ 桌面标签
-- 定义一个包含所有虚拟桌面的标签列表
tags = {
  names = {"Internet","Term","Code","Music",5,6},                                -- 桌面标签的名称
  layout = {layouts[1],layouts[1],layouts[7],layouts[1],layouts[2],layouts[1]}   -- 标签默认布局，用索引表示，按照上面设置的layouts顺序
}
for s = 1, screen.count() do
    tags[s] = awful.tag(tags.names, s, tags.layout)
end
-- }}}

-- {{{ 菜单
-- myawesomemenu是mymainmenu主菜单的一项，这里包含3个子菜单，可以手动修改子菜单
-- 还可以仿照myawesomemenu向主菜单添加新项，添加后务必加入下面的mymainmenu中
myawesomemenu = {
   { "edit config", "pluma /home/td/.config/awesome/rc.lua" },        -- 这个子菜单用于修改awesome配置文件，pluma是一个简单的文本编辑器
   { "restart", awesome.restart },
   { "quit", awesome.quit }
}
-- mymainmenu主菜单
mymainmenu = awful.menu({ items = { { "awesome", myawesomemenu, beautiful.awesome_icon }, -- 这里的awesome项添加上面的myawesomemenu
                                    { "应用程序", debian.menu.Debian_menu.Debian }, -- 这是debian.menu模块自动生成的应用程序子菜单
                                    { "文件管理器", "caja /home/td/" },       -- 手动添加的项
                                    { "网络浏览器", "chromium-browser %u" },  -- 手动添加的项
                                    { "open terminal", terminal },
                                    { "重启电脑", "gksu reboot now" },        -- 手动添加的项
                                    { "关闭系统", "gksu 'shutdown -h now'" }, -- 手动添加的项
                                  }
                        })

mylauncher = awful.widget.launcher({ image = beautiful.awesome_icon,
                                     menu = mymainmenu })

menubar.utils.terminal = terminal -- 应用终端，见上文默认终端设置
-- }}}

-- {{{ 窗口和布局
-- 创建一个时钟部件
mytextclock = awful.widget.textclock("%X",1)

-- 为每个屏幕创建一个wibox
mywibox = {}
mypromptbox = {}
mylayoutbox = {}
mytaglist = {}
mytaglist.buttons = awful.util.table.join(
                    awful.button({ }, 1, awful.tag.viewonly),
                    awful.button({ modkey }, 1, awful.client.movetotag),
                    awful.button({ }, 3, awful.tag.viewtoggle),
                    awful.button({ modkey }, 3, awful.client.toggletag),
                    awful.button({ }, 4, function(t) awful.tag.viewnext(awful.tag.getscreen(t)) end),
                    awful.button({ }, 5, function(t) awful.tag.viewprev(awful.tag.getscreen(t)) end)
                    )
mytasklist = {}
mytasklist.buttons = awful.util.table.join(
                     awful.button({ }, 1, function (c)
                                              if c == client.focus then
                                                  c.minimized = true
                                              else
                                                  -- Without this, the following
                                                  -- :isvisible() makes no sense
                                                  c.minimized = false
                                                  if not c:isvisible() then
                                                      awful.tag.viewonly(c:tags()[1])
                                                  end
                                                  -- This will also un-minimize
                                                  -- the client, if needed
                                                  client.focus = c
                                                  c:raise()
                                              end
                                          end),
                     awful.button({ }, 3, function ()
                                              if instance then
                                                  instance:hide()
                                                  instance = nil
                                              else
                                                  instance = awful.menu.clients({
                                                      theme = { width = 250 }
                                                  })
                                              end
                                          end),
                     awful.button({ }, 4, function ()
                                              awful.client.focus.byidx(1)
                                              if client.focus then client.focus:raise() end
                                          end),
                     awful.button({ }, 5, function ()
                                              awful.client.focus.byidx(-1)
                                              if client.focus then client.focus:raise() end
                                          end))

for s = 1, screen.count() do
    -- 为每个屏幕创建一个信息框
    mypromptbox[s] = awful.widget.prompt()
    -- 在屏幕右上角显示目前正在使用的布局样式
    mylayoutbox[s] = awful.widget.layoutbox(s)
    mylayoutbox[s]:buttons(awful.util.table.join(
                           awful.button({ }, 1, function () awful.layout.inc(layouts, 1) end),
                           awful.button({ }, 3, function () awful.layout.inc(layouts, -1) end),
                           awful.button({ }, 4, function () awful.layout.inc(layouts, 1) end),
                           awful.button({ }, 5, function () awful.layout.inc(layouts, -1) end)))
    -- 创建屏幕左上方的tag列表
    mytaglist[s] = awful.widget.taglist(s, awful.widget.taglist.filter.all, mytaglist.buttons)

    -- Create a tasklist widget
    mytasklist[s] = awful.widget.tasklist(s, awful.widget.tasklist.filter.currenttags, mytasklist.buttons)

    -- Create the wibox
    mywibox[s] = awful.wibox({ position = "top", screen = s })

    -- 左对齐的部件
    local left_layout = wibox.layout.fixed.horizontal()
    left_layout:add(mylauncher)
    left_layout:add(mytaglist[s])
    left_layout:add(mypromptbox[s])

    -- 右对齐的部件
    local right_layout = wibox.layout.fixed.horizontal()
    if s == 1 then right_layout:add(wibox.widget.systray()) end
    right_layout:add(mytextclock)
    right_layout:add(mylayoutbox[s])

    --
    local layout = wibox.layout.align.horizontal()
    layout:set_left(left_layout)
    layout:set_middle(mytasklist[s])
    layout:set_right(right_layout)

    mywibox[s]:set_widget(layout)
end
-- }}}

-- {{{ 鼠标绑定
root.buttons(awful.util.table.join(
    awful.button({ }, 3, function () mymainmenu:toggle() end),
    awful.button({ }, 4, awful.tag.viewnext),
    awful.button({ }, 5, awful.tag.viewprev)
))
-- }}}

-- {{{ 快捷键
globalkeys = awful.util.table.join(
    awful.key({ modkey,           }, "Left",   awful.tag.viewprev       ),               -- 向左一个标签
    awful.key({ modkey,           }, "Right",  awful.tag.viewnext       ),               -- 向右一个标签
    awful.key({ modkey,           }, "Escape", awful.tag.history.restore),               -- 之前使用的标签

    awful.key({ modkey,           }, "j",                                                -- 切换下一个窗口
        function ()
            awful.client.focus.byidx( 1)
            if client.focus then client.focus:raise() end
        end),
    awful.key({ modkey,           }, "k",                                                -- 切换上一个窗口
        function ()
            awful.client.focus.byidx(-1)
            if client.focus then client.focus:raise() end
        end),
    awful.key({ modkey,           }, "w", function () mymainmenu:show() end),            -- 显示主菜单，鼠标右键关闭

    -- Layout manipulation
    awful.key({ modkey, "Shift"   }, "j", function () awful.client.swap.byidx(  1)    end),   -- 当前窗口和前一个窗口互换位置
    awful.key({ modkey, "Shift"   }, "k", function () awful.client.swap.byidx( -1)    end),   -- 当前窗口和后一个窗口互换位置
    awful.key({ modkey, "Control" }, "j", function () awful.screen.focus_relative( 1) end),   -- 切换到下一个屏幕
    awful.key({ modkey, "Control" }, "k", function () awful.screen.focus_relative(-1) end),   -- 切换到上一个屏幕
--  awful.key({ modkey,           }, "u", awful.client.urgent.jumpto),
    awful.key({ modkey,           }, "Tab",                    -- 切换到之前使用的窗口
        function ()
            awful.client.focus.history.previous()
            if client.focus then
                client.focus:raise()
            end
        end),

    -- 标准程序
    awful.key({ modkey,           }, "Return", function () awful.util.spawn(terminal) end),
    awful.key({ modkey, "Control" }, "r", awesome.restart),                                     -- 重启awesome
    awful.key({ modkey, "Shift"   }, "q", awesome.quit),                                        -- 退出awesome

    awful.key({ modkey,           }, "l",     function () awful.tag.incmwfact( 0.05)    end),   -- 增加主区域宽度
    awful.key({ modkey,           }, "h",     function () awful.tag.incmwfact(-0.05)    end),   -- 减少主区域宽度
    awful.key({ modkey, "Shift"   }, "h",     function () awful.tag.incnmaster( 1)      end),   -- 增加主区域窗口数目
    awful.key({ modkey, "Shift"   }, "l",     function () awful.tag.incnmaster(-1)      end),   -- 减少主区域窗口数目
    awful.key({ modkey, "Control" }, "h",     function () awful.tag.incncol( 1)         end),
    awful.key({ modkey, "Control" }, "l",     function () awful.tag.incncol(-1)         end),
    awful.key({ modkey,           }, "space", function () awful.layout.inc(layouts,  1) end),   -- 按顺序切换布局样式
    awful.key({ modkey, "Shift"   }, "space", function () awful.layout.inc(layouts, -1) end),   -- 反向切换布局样式

    awful.key({ modkey, "Control" }, "n", awful.client.restore),

    -- 启动器
    awful.key({ modkey },            "r",     function () mypromptbox[mouse.screen]:run() end),     -- 默认，程序启动器
--  awful.key({ modkey },            "r",     function () awful.util.spawn( "dmenu_run" ) end),     -- dmenu，程序启动器，需额外安装
    -- 包含显式选项的启动器
    awful.key({ modkey }, "p", function() menubar.show() end)
)

clientkeys = awful.util.table.join(
    awful.key({ modkey,           }, "f",      function (c) c.fullscreen = not c.fullscreen  end),  -- 切换全屏/非全屏
    awful.key({ modkey, "Shift"   }, "c",      function (c) c:kill()                         end),
    awful.key({ modkey, "Control" }, "space",  awful.client.floating.toggle                     ),
    awful.key({ modkey, "Control" }, "Return", function (c) c:swap(awful.client.getmaster()) end),
    awful.key({ modkey,           }, "o",      awful.client.movetoscreen                        ),
    awful.key({ modkey,           }, "t",      function (c) c.ontop = not c.ontop            end),  -- 标记当前窗口
    awful.key({ modkey,           }, "n",        -- 最小化窗口
        function (c)
            -- The client currently has the input focus, so it cannot be
            -- minimized, since minimized clients can't have the focus.
            c.minimized = true
        end),
    awful.key({ modkey,           }, "m",        -- 最大化窗口
        function (c)
            c.maximized_horizontal = not c.maximized_horizontal
            c.maximized_vertical   = not c.maximized_vertical
        end)
)

-- 把数字键1到9绑定到对应的标签
for i = 1, 9 do
    globalkeys = awful.util.table.join(globalkeys,
        -- 转到指定窗口
        awful.key({ modkey }, "#" .. i + 9,
                  function ()
                        local screen = mouse.screen
                        local tag = awful.tag.gettags(screen)[i]
                        if tag then
                           awful.tag.viewonly(tag)
                        end
                  end),

        awful.key({ modkey, "Control" }, "#" .. i + 9,
                  function ()
                      local screen = mouse.screen
                      local tag = awful.tag.gettags(screen)[i]
                      if tag then
                         awful.tag.viewtoggle(tag)
                      end
                  end),
        -- 把窗口移动到指定标签
        awful.key({ modkey, "Shift" }, "#" .. i + 9,            -- 快捷键，注意需要先用 Mod4 + t 标记当前窗口
                  function ()
                      if client.focus then
                          local tag = awful.tag.gettags(client.focus.screen)[i]
                          if tag then
                              awful.client.movetotag(tag)
                          end
                     end
                  end),

        awful.key({ modkey, "Control", "Shift" }, "#" .. i + 9,
                  function ()
                      if client.focus then
                          local tag = awful.tag.gettags(client.focus.screen)[i]
                          if tag then
                              awful.client.toggletag(tag)
                          end
                      end
                  end))
end

clientbuttons = awful.util.table.join(
    awful.button({ }, 1, function (c) client.focus = c; c:raise() end),
    awful.button({ modkey }, 1, awful.mouse.client.move),
    awful.button({ modkey }, 3, awful.mouse.client.resize))

-- 应用快捷键
root.keys(globalkeys)
-- }}}

-- {{{ 规则
-- 设置部分程序启动时默认所在的屏幕和虚拟桌面，以及是否浮动（支持多屏幕，默认为屏幕1）
awful.rules.rules = {
    { rule = { },
      properties = { border_width = beautiful.border_width,
                     border_color = beautiful.border_normal,
                     focus = awful.client.focus.filter,
                     raise = true,
                     keys = clientkeys,
                     buttons = clientbuttons } },
    { rule = { class = "MPlayer" },
      properties = { floating = true } },        -- 设置mplayer启动时默认为浮动状态
    { rule = { class = "pinentry" },
      properties = { floating = true } },
    { rule = { class = "gimp" },
      properties = { floating = true } },
-- 设置chromium浏览器启动时默认位于第一个屏幕的第一个标签
    { rule = { class = "Chromium-browser" },
      properties = { tag = tags[1][1] } },
--  { rule = { class = "Firefox" },
--    properties = { tag = tags[1][1] } },
}
-- }}}

-- {{{ Signals
-- 以下功能仅在新窗口出现时生效
client.connect_signal("manage", function (c, startup)
    -- Enable sloppy focus
    c:connect_signal("mouse::enter", function(c)
        if awful.layout.get(c.screen) ~= awful.layout.suit.magnifier
            and awful.client.focus.filter(c) then
            client.focus = c
        end
    end)

    if not startup then
        -- Set the windows at the slave,
        -- i.e. put it at the end of others instead of setting it master.
        -- awful.client.setslave(c)

        -- Put windows in a smart way, only if they does not set an initial position.
        if not c.size_hints.user_position and not c.size_hints.program_position then
            awful.placement.no_overlap(c)
            awful.placement.no_offscreen(c)
        end
    elseif not c.size_hints.user_position and not c.size_hints.program_position then
        -- Prevent clients from being unreachable after screen count change
        awful.placement.no_offscreen(c)
    end

    local titlebars_enabled = false
    if titlebars_enabled and (c.type == "normal" or c.type == "dialog") then
        -- 标题栏的按钮
        local buttons = awful.util.table.join(
                awful.button({ }, 1, function()
                    client.focus = c
                    c:raise()
                    awful.mouse.client.move(c)
                end),
                awful.button({ }, 3, function()
                    client.focus = c
                    c:raise()
                    awful.mouse.client.resize(c)
                end)
                )

        -- 左对齐的部件
        local left_layout = wibox.layout.fixed.horizontal()
        left_layout:add(awful.titlebar.widget.iconwidget(c))
        left_layout:buttons(buttons)

        -- 右对齐的部件
        local right_layout = wibox.layout.fixed.horizontal()
        right_layout:add(awful.titlebar.widget.floatingbutton(c))
        right_layout:add(awful.titlebar.widget.maximizedbutton(c))
        right_layout:add(awful.titlebar.widget.stickybutton(c))
        right_layout:add(awful.titlebar.widget.ontopbutton(c))
        right_layout:add(awful.titlebar.widget.closebutton(c))

        --
        local middle_layout = wibox.layout.flex.horizontal()
        local title = awful.titlebar.widget.titlewidget(c)
        title:set_align("center")
        middle_layout:add(title)
        middle_layout:buttons(buttons)

        -- Now bring it all together
        local layout = wibox.layout.align.horizontal()
        layout:set_left(left_layout)
        layout:set_right(right_layout)
        layout:set_middle(middle_layout)

        awful.titlebar(c):set_widget(layout)
    end
end)

client.connect_signal("focus", function(c) c.border_color = beautiful.border_focus end)
client.connect_signal("unfocus", function(c) c.border_color = beautiful.border_normal end)
-- }}}

Posted on Edited on Disqus:

0.安装之前

操作系统：Ubuntu 14.04 / LinuxMint17

1.安装

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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:klaus-vormweg/awesome
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install awesome awesome-extra feh xcompmgr

2.配置文件

默认配置文件位于：/etc/xdg/awesome/
把 awesome 文件夹复制到$HOME/.config/目录下。
修改配置时，修改$HOME/.config/awesome/目录下的配置文件即可。

3.修改配置

主要是 rc.lua 文件。

修改壁纸：搜索：**”Wallpaper”**，修改图片路径。

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for s = 1, screen.count() do
    gears.wallpaper.maximized("/home/td/Pictures/background.jpg", s, true)
end

修改 awesome 主题，内容包括桌面字体，配色等。
默认主题文件：/usr/share/awesome/themes/default/theme.lua
这里只改了显示的字体。

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theme.font = "sans 8"

修改 tag 数量及名称: 默认为桌面左上角显示的 1-9 ，每个 tag 可以理解为一个工作区。
搜索 Tags，修改默认的配置，以下是我修改后的结果。

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tags = {}
for s = 1, screen.count() do
    -- Each screen has its own tag table.
    tags[s] = awful.tag({ '[Internet]', '[Term]', '[Code]', '[Music]', 5, 6 }, s, layouts[1])
end

修改右键菜单:

搜索 mymainmenu
对 lua 语法不熟悉，照猫画虎。

添加关机功能：

在items = { }大括号中添加一项：{ "关闭系统", "gksu 'shutdown -h now'" }

4.启动设置

有一些需要添加的启动项。
在用户主目录下创建文件.xprofile。在文件中添加内容：（后面4行是使用 fcitx 输入法需要的。）

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mate-settings-daemon &
xcompmgr &
mate-power-manager &
nm-applet &
export XMODIFIERS="@im=fcitx"
export QT_IM_MODULE=fcitx
export GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx
fcitx-autostart &

5.修改应用程序菜单

修改配置目录下的/awesome/debian/menu.lua文件。
默认的是由debian.menu模块自动生成的。
有很多项目，每一项类似于：

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Debian_menu["Debian_应用程序_Shell"] = {
    {"bash", "x-terminal-emulator -e ".."/bin/bash"},
    {"zsh", "x-terminal-emulator -e ".."/usr/bin/zsh"},
}

6.常用快捷键

以上是最基本的配置文件修改。

快捷键可以在rc.lua中搜索Key bindings修改。

Mod4键默认为Win键

Mod4 + Enter打开终端

Mod4 + r执行命令或程序

Mod4 + 1~6切换到指定Tag

Mod4 + Space切换桌面布局

Mod4 + Shift + Space当前布局切换为前一个布局

Mod4 + Ctrl + r重启awesome

Mod4 + w打开awesome主菜单

Ctrl + Q许多程序默认用来关闭的快捷键

Mod4 + Shift + C关闭当前窗口/程序

Mod4 + Left/Right左右切换tag

Mod4 + h/l调整主区域宽度

Mod4 + j/k切换窗口

Mod4 + t标记窗口

Mod4 + m/n最大化/最小化窗口

Mod4 + Esc切换到上一个桌面

Mod4 + Control + space切换当前窗口是否浮动

Mod4 + Shift + j当前窗口和前一个/后一个窗口切换位置

Mod4 + Shift + 1~6把标记的窗口移动到 tag 1~6

附图一张。

screenshot

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